Abstract
I. V. Zabrodina, M. D. Yevtushenko, S. V. Stankevych*, O. A. Molchanova, H. V. Baidyk, I. P. Lezhenina, M. O. Filatov, L. Ya. Sirous, D. D. Yushchuk, V. O. Melenti, O. V. Romanov, T. A. Romanova and O. M. Bragin
In the course of critical analysis of the literature, the authors paid special attention to the elements of the integrated protection of apple plantations from apple-blossom weevil. The protective measures were considered in such directions as agro-technical, physical and mechanical, chemical, biological, biotechnical and selective and genetic ones. Each of them is noteworthy and has both a number of disadvantages and indisputable advantages in comparison with other methods. At the pre-imago stages of development the main factors in the death of the apple-blossom weevil are the infestation of larvae and pupae with the parasitoids, larvae disease, cannibalism, destruction by predators and leafworms feeding on the same buttons, and rapid opening or underdevelopment of the button. First of all the essence of pest control in the garden is the timely and careful destruction of the hibernating stock. First and foremost the old bark should be carefully removed from the trunks of fruit trees and skeletal branches. The apple-blossom weevil spends most of its development in the buttons. Therefore it is necessary to control the beetles that came out of the hibernating places. Chemical protection measures should be applied only during the years of the mass appearance of the pest. The oriented criteria for the use of the extermination measures in fruit plantations are 40–50 beetles per a middle-aged tree. The insecticide treatment of fruit plantations is recommended to carry out in terms that would allow preserving the entomophages. One of the alternatives to use the chemical pest control method is the biological method, especially it is recommended to use it in the old gardens. This fact is based on the analysis of the trophocenotic consortium connections of the phytophages of the apple garden, in which the majority of the dendrophilous species should be considered as the feeders that cause the preservation of the parasitic species populations during the years of the garden pest depressions. Another condition for the preservation of the parasitic species in the gardens is to create a forage reserve for the imago nutrition. Trophic bonds can be retained as dominant only in the absence of garden pesticides treatments or with minor treatments. The use of the chemical method of protection leads to the significant changes in the consortium formula.