Study of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Behavior of Cultivated Legume (Lens culinaris Medik Ssp culinaris) in Dry Area of Algeria
Abstract
T. Fatiha, H. Abdelkrim, K. Mostefa, R. Waffa
The victory over the protein deficiency afflicting millions of human beings is a crucial and urgent task for world agriculture. The legume Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is one of the largest sources of protein with an average of 25% of all seeds produced worldwide. When used in crop rotation, it fertilizes the soil, as is the case in North Africa and this plant holds an important place throughout the world. In Algeria, lentil is largely growth in the semi-arid zones of the interior plains characterized by various abiotic constraints such as terminal drought which causes significant losses in lentil yield every year. For this purpose, the cases in this study aims to evaluate the effect of end of cycle water stress on the behavior of four varieties of lentil (Syrie 229, Metropole, Balkan 75 and Ibela) and to elucidate the plant’s morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters involved in tolerance and to assess varieties which could be grown under water stress conditions. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory and greenhouse with a well-controlled condition. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design of two factors (water stress and varieties) with four replications and two treatments. Not treated plants (without water stress application) were utilized as control. The four tested genotypes were subjected to two water regimes, one irrigated throughout the cycle (No stressed) used as a control, the other one stressful from the beginning of flowering till seed’s filling stages (stressed). The study covered the variation of the relative water content in leaves as well as the leaf surface, the rate of proline and soluble sugars of the leaves and the total seed protein content. The obtained results showed that the studied genotypes behaved differently to the water stress. Thus, a significant decrease was observed in the relative water content from 75.29% to 70.71% and in the leaf area from 16.76 cm2 to 13.63 cm2. An opposite behavior was observed on the osmoticum accumulated as a response to water deficit. A significant increase in proline (150.14 μg/g DM to 203.69 μg/g DM) and in soluble sugars stress (60.42 μg/g DM to 110.21 μg/g DM) was detected in leaves under stressed conditions. The terminal water stress resulted also in an increase in protein content in lentil seeds from a mean value of 22.08% to 24.84%. Regarding the obtained results, Metropole genotype seems to be the most tolerant cultivar to water stress followed by Balkan 755.
Key words: Water deficit; RWC; Varieties; Lentil; Morpho-physiological; Biochemical; Protein; Tolerance
References
Abid, G., Hessini, K., Aouida, M. (2015). Genetic relationship and diversity analysis of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) genetic resources using morphological and micro satellite molecular markers. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep, 33, 1755-1767.
Adda, A., Soualem, B., Labdelli, A. (2013). Effet du deficit hydrique sur la structure de la zone pilifère des racines séminales du blé dur. Ecology- Environment Rev, 9.
Ardakani, L. G., Hooshang, F., Kelidari, A. (2013). The effect of water stress on grain and protein of spotted bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) cultivar, international journal, 1 ( 9) 940-949.
Arvalis. (2013). Teneur en protéines des blés : relever le double défit agronomique et économique Arvalis info.fr. Plant Institute. France. 978-2-8179. (French).
Azzouz, F. (2009). Réponses morphologiques et biochimiques chez l’haricot soumis à un stress hydrique; 2009, Magister thesis, 60. (French)
Barrs, H. D., Weatheley, P. E. (1962). A re- examination of the relative turgidity technique of estimating water deficit in leaves. J. BIOL. Sci, 15, 412,-428.
Chabalah, S., Shabalah, L., Vlkrenburg, V., Newman, J. (2005). Effect of divalent cations onion fluxes and leaf photochemistry in salinized barley leaves. J. Experimental Botany. 56 (415) 1369-1378.
Clark, J. M., McCaig, T. N. (1982) Excised leaf water retention capability as an indicator of drought resistance of Triticum genotypes. Edit. Can. J Plant Sci, 62, 571-578.
Gharabi, D., Hellal, B., Hassani, A. (2018). Foliar behavior of olive trees (Olea Europaea L.) grafted and cut under the effect of salt stress. Ukrainian journal of ecology, 8 (1), 578-584.
Hamadache, A. (2014). Eléments de phytotechnie générale. Tome II, Légumineuses Alimentaires (pois chiche- fèves- Lentilles), 188. (French).
Hassani, A. (2009). Influence du stress salin et hydrique sur la morphologie, l’anatomie, la physiologie et la biochimie de l’orge (Hordeum Vulgare) et du triticale (Triticosecale Witt) ; doctoral thesis in science; Specialization: Plant biology; Option: Plant breeding, Es -sénia, Oran University. (French).
Hassani, A., Dellal, A., Belkhoudja, M., Kaid Harch, M. (2008). Effet de la salinité sur l’ea et cretins osmolytes chez l’orge ( Hordeum vulgare). Europeen journal of Scientific Research, 23 (1):61-69 (French).
Hassani, A., Seddik, D., Kouadria, M., Bouchenafa, N., Negadi, M., Larbaoui Dj. (2014). Effet de la salinité sur le comportement physiologique et biochimique de l'Oléastre (Olivier spontané) et l'olivier cultivé (variété Sigoise). Revue Ecologie-Environnement (10). http://fsnv.univ-tiaret.dz/revues.php (French).
Idrissi, O., Houasli, C. H., Nasserlhaq, N. (2013). Comparaison de lignées avancées de lentilles sous stress hydrique durant la phase de floraison et de formation des gousses. Journal "Nature and technology". B. Agronomic and Biological Sciences, N08.53-61. (French).
Lebon, E., Pellegrino, A., Tardieu, F. (2004). Shoot development in grapevine as affected by the modular branching pattern of the stem intra and inter-shoot trophic competition. Annals of Botany, 93:263 -274.
Leport, L. (1992). Accumulation de proline associée aux contraintes environnementales et à la floraison chez le colza. 1992. State thesis 156. Renne, France. (French).
MADR, DSASI. (2001). Agricultural Statistics, 2012, Series B for the years 2000-2012 as cited in Mefti M, Abdelgharfi A, Chebouti A. Etude de la tolérance à la sècheresse chez quelques populations de Medicago trunscatula (L.)] Zaragoza: CIHEAM, Mediterranean option A serie. mediteranian Seminar (45). (French)
Mefti, M., Abdelguerfi, A., Chebouti, A. (2001). Etude de la tolérance à la sècheresse chez quelques populations de Medicago trunscatula (L.)] Gaertn. Zaragoza: CIHEAM, mediteranian option A serie. mediteranian Seminar. 45. (French)
Mishra, B. K., Srivastava, J. P., Lal, J. P. (2018). Drought Resistance in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in Relation to Morphological, Physiological Parameters and Phenological Developments. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7 (01): 2288-2304. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.701.277
Morgil, H., Gercek, Y. C., Caliskan, M., Cevahir, O. z. G. (2017). Investigation of the Mechanism of Physiological Tolerance in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions. Eur J Biol 76 (1): (31-35).
Muuns, R., Richard, A. J., Lauchli, A. (2006). Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other ceareals. Journal of experimental botany, 57 (5), 1025-1043. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erj100.
Nourri, L. (2002). Ajustement osmotique et maintien de l’activité photosynthétique chez le blé dur (Triticum Durum Desf) en conditions de déficit hydrique. Magister thesis in plant biology, 4-16. (French)
Pierre, C. S., Petersona, J., Rossa, A. (2008). White wheat grain quality changes with genotypes, nitrogen fertilization and drought stress. Journal Agron. 100:414-420
Rekika, D. (1997). Identification and analysis of physiological traits related to drought performance in durum wheat: Potential interest of related wild life species in improving these traits. Doctoral thesis, ENSAM France: 160.
Sial, M. A., Arain, S.K., Naqavi, I. (2005). Yield and quality parameters of wheat genotypes as affected by sowing dates and high temperature stress. Pak. J Bot, 37 (3): 575-584.
Triboi, E., Martre, P., Triboi A.M. (2003). Environmentally – induced changes of proteins composition for developing grain of wheat are related to changes in total protein content. Journal of experimental botany, 84. 388, 1731-1742.