Abstract
T.F. Domatskaya*, A.N. Domatsky and Z.Ya. Zinatullina
Samples of dead bees, live bees and brood from 220 bee colonies of the South of Tyumen Region, 39-Leningrad, 30-Omsk, 2-Chelyabinsk and 14 colonies of Crimea were studied. Studies have shown that all the apiaries under study were affected by varroatosis, and 52.7%-by Nosematosis. In the identification process of the pathogen of Nosematosis, mainly N. ceranae microsporidia was found (29.3%), N. apis was registered in only one sample from Leningrad Region (0.33%), mixed infection (N. ceranae+N. apis) was found in bees from Leningrad, Omsk and Tyumen Regions (2.6%). The fact that in Tyumen Region, V. destructor mites are found in samples from all districts which is 21.8% of the samples studied, has been established. However, 40% of the examined apiaries had a high level of (8.3-34.5%) infested bee colonies, resulting in the death of bees in autumn-winter period. The pathogen of Nosematosis-N. ceranae was found in bee samples from apiaries of 6 districts, which is 23.6% of the 220 samples studied. The degree of damage to bee colonies ranged from 0.15 to 105 million spores. In Isetsky, Nizhnetavdinsky and Tyumensky Districts, both pathogens of Nosematosis (N. apis and N. ceranae)were found, which corresponded to 8% of the samples studies. N. apis microsporidia, as the only pathogen of Nosematosis, was not found on any of the apiaries examined, which indicates that the new pathogen of N. ceranae prevails in its spread among honey bees. Studies of bee samples obtained from apiaries of Leningrad, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen Regions and Crimea made it possible to identify the infestation of bee colonies with Varroa destructor mites and Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae microsporidia. The fact that the pathogen of Nosematosis Nosema ceranae is more widespread than Nosema apis has been established. Studies made in different regions of Russia are the basis for the development of a monitoring system of bee diseases in Tyumen Region. First of all, such studies should be made in districts where there is a large number of bee colonies.