Placental barrier permeability to Ca, P, and Mg in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia
Abstract
V. L. Shnaider*, L. H. Yevtukh, H. M. Kalynovskyi, М. М. Omelianenko, V. V. Zakharin, G. P. Gryshchuk, O. A. Katsaraba and H. Lysak
The experience carried out in two groups of female dogs of different gestational age on 35-th day (first period), 45-th day (second period), 55-th day (third period), and 65-th day (fourth period). The weight of animals ranged from 21-27 kg, and age from 2.4 to 4.5 years. We selected the animals of different breeds, in which the ultrasound detected at least five fetuses. Diet of control group consisted of natural foods (cereals, meat, vegetables), involved–with Bosch Production and vitamin-mineral complex Caniletten (tablets) or Canipulver (powder) according to the dosage recommended by the manufacturer. The experiments were conducted for five years in clinically healthy pregnant dogs, who had healthy puppies (control) and subclinical patients with the development in the postnatal period have they had fathered puppies of dysplasia or hip elbow (experience). At the same time the overall clinical status of all born pups up to 3 months of age determined. All pregnant animals were determined by morphological and biochemical composition of venous blood from pups of different age obtained at caesarean section, collected the umbilical cord, puncture of membranes – amniotic fluid and alantoine, after their autopsy, the liver, hip and elbow joints. Blood analysis and examination of fetuses and organs removed from them were carried out by conventional methods, mineral composition of blood, provisional organs and joint tissues by means of flame spectrophotometry. In the blood of pregnant female dogs we determined the content of Ca, P and Mg in the direction of a blood of mother – the fetal part of the placenta – the blood of the umbilical vein, the liver of fetal – tissue puppies – and alantoin amniotic fluid. There were no regular changes in the number of blood elements in the studied animals, but the number of red blood cells, the average volume, percentage, and absolute width of their distribution are lower in experimental animals compared to the control. The morphological analysis of differences in the cytological composition of blood and leucogramma did not revealed any variation, while the biochemical analysis found a significant increase in activity of AST and alkaline phosphatase for the experimental animals. We found that the fetal part of placenta accumulates Ca, P and Mg in concentrations much higher than in the mother blood. Main share of Ca from the mother blood in control group entered the fetal part of placenta during the second study period, share of P – during the first and third periods, and share of Mg gradually increased from the first to the fourth periods. The level of minerals in the blood of female dogs of the control group was critical during the second to third periods, from 45 to 55 days of pregnancy, and acted as a potential bioindicator of preventive diagnosis of canine joint dysplasia. During this period of pregnancy it is necessary to apply the adjustment rations by providing the animals with minerals.
Key words: Intrauterine development; Fetus; Pregnancy; Provisional organs; Liver