Influence of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexon quail blood parameters and weight characteristics
Abstract
V.B. Dukhnitsky, I.M. Derkach, S.S. Derkach, I.O. Fritsky, M.O. Plutenko
We studied the chronic toxicity of the compounds of Iron(iv). We monitored the dynamics of the body weight, relative weight
coefficients of the internal organs, the content of the hemoglobin, the morphological parameters of blood, and biochemical
parameters of serum of blood of quails after use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes at the doses 1/10 and 1/5 DL50 them for 30
days. Daily drinking of quails of experimental groups of solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes3 at the doses 76.43 and
152.86 mg/kg of body weight caused the reduction of body weight by 3 and 5% respectively on the thirtieth day. A tendency to
increase the relative weight of the kidneys and to decrease the relative weight of the liver, heart and spleen showed an excessive
load of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes on the internal organs of quails. Hemoglobin in the blood of the quails of the experimental
groups was less by 2-34% (P<0.05) than the control indicator but the indicator of the number of erythrocytes in the quails of the
control and experimental groups for 30 days was within the physiological values. The use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes
caused the development of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and short-term hypoglycemia in the serum of the blood of the
quails of the experimental groups. Changes in an activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase for 30 days
were not expressed, but the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher compared to the control indicators during the
experimental period. Drinking the solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused hypercreatinemia and hyperuricemia, which
indicates a decrease in the filtration capacity of the kidney glomeruli. We have seen an increase in the levels total Calcium and
inorganic Phosphorus.
Key words: Toxicity; Hexahydrazide clathrochelate; Body weight; Morphology; Biochemistry; Quail
References
Dozier, W.A., Davis, A.J., Freeman, M.E., & Ward, T.L. (2003). Early growth and environmental implications of dietary zinc and
copper concentrations and sources of broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci., 44, 726–731. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660310001643714
Dukhnitsky, V. B., Derkach, I. M., Plutenko, M. O., Fritsky, I. O., & Derkach, S. S. (2018). Vyznachennja parametriv gostroi
toksychnosti ferumu (IV) na bilyh myshah. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8 (2), 308–312. https://doi.org/10.15421/2018_343 (in
Ukrainian).
Dukhnitsky, V. B., Derkach, I. M., Plutenko, M. O., Fritsky, I. O., & Derkach, S. S. (2019). Cumulative properties of Iron(IV)
clathrochelate in rats. Visnyk PDAA, 2, 2382–46.
Derkach, I. (2017). Suchasni tendencii na vitchyznjanomu rynku ferumvmisnyh preparativ dlja tvaryn. Naukovyj visnyk Lvivskogo
nacionalnogo universytetu veterynarnoi medycyny ta biotehnologij imeni S.Z. Gzhyckogo, 19 (78), 23–25.
https://doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7805 (in Ukrainian).
Commission of the European Communities: Council Directive of 18 December 1986 on the Lows, regulating the Application of
Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and the Verification of Their Applications for Tests on Chemical Substances (87/18/EEC)
(1991). The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Community. 1, 145–146.
Jiefen, C., Yinping, L., Peng, Y., Qiping, Zh., Jingfeng, W., Yongzhou, Ch., & Peng, W. (2017). A novel low molecular weight
Enteromorpha polysaccharide-iron (III) complex and its effect on rats with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). International journal of
biological macromolecules. 108, 412–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac
England, J. Bigelow, О., Katherine, M., Heuvelen, V., Farquhar, E., Martinho, M., Meier, K., Frisch, J., Münck E., & Que L. (2014).
An ultra-stable oxoiron (IV) complex and its blue conjugate base. Chemical Science, 5, 12041–215. doi:10.1039/C3SC52755G
Gheisari, A.A., Sanei, A. Samie, A., Gheisari, M.M., & Toghyani. M. (2011). Effect of diets supplemented with different levels of
manganese, zinc, and copper from their organic or inorganic sources on egg production and quality characteristics in laying hens.
Biol Trace Elem Res, 142(2011), 557–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8779-x
Groves, J. T. (2006). High-valent iron in chemical and biological oxidations. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 100(4), 4344–47.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.012
Holubiev, M., & Holubieva, T. (2017). The productivity of young quail at the usage of different sources of zinc in fodders.Scientific
Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural Sciences, 19(74), 127–130.
https://doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7428
Holubiev, M.I., M.Yu. Sychov, M.Yu., & Holubieva, T.A. (2017). Effect of copper as feed additives on growth performance in quail
chicks. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 7(2), 59-63. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_21
Kim, J.C., Wilcock, P., & Bedford, M.R. (2018). Iron status of piglets and impact of phytase superdosing on iron physiology: A
review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 235, 81–84.
Kotsiumbas I.Ya. (2006) Doklinichni doslidzhennja veterynarnyh likars'kyh zasobiv. L'viv. Triada pljus (in Ukrainian).
Lipiński, P., Starzyński, R., Canonne-Hergaux, F., Tudek, B., Oliński, R., Kowalczyk, P., Dziaman, T., Thibaudeau, O., Gralak, M. A.,
Smuda, E., Woliński, J., Usińska, A., & Zabielski R. (2010). Benefits and Risks of Iron Supplementation in Anemic Neonatal Pigs.
American journal of hematology, 177(3), 123–31243. doi: https://10.2353/ajpath.2010.091020.
Maes, D., Steyaert, M., Vanderhaeghe, C., López Rodríguez, A., de Jong, E., Del Pozo Sacristán, R., Vangroenweghe, F., & Dewulf,
J. (2011) Comparison of oral versus parenteral iron supplementation on the health and productivity of piglets. Veterinary record, 19,
168–188. doi: https://10.1136/vr.c7033
Miles, R., Henry, P., Sampath, V., Shivazad, M., &Comer, C. (2003). Relative bioavailability of novel amino acid chelates of
manganese and copper for chicks. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 12 (2003), pp. 417–423. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/12.4.417
Pozniakovskyi, Yu.V., Holubiev, M.I., & Holubieva, T.A. (2018). Productivity of growing rabbits for use of forrage with different zinc
content. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 1(2), 3–6.
Shahzad, M.N., Javed, M.T., Shabir, S., Irfan, M., & Hussain, R. (2012). Effects of feeding urea and copper sulphate in different
combinations on live body weight, carcass weight, percent weight to body weight of different organs and histopathological tissue
changes in broilers. Exp. Toxicol. Path., 64, 141–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2010.07.009
Spears, J.W., Schlegel, P., Seal, M.C., & Lloyd, K.E. (2004). Bioavailability of zinc from zinc sulfate and different organs zinc sources
and their effects on ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions. Livestock Production Science, 90, 2–3, 211–217.
Streyl, K., Carlstron, J., Dantos, E., Mendoza, R., Islas, J.A., & Bhushan C. (2015). Field Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Oral
Toltrazuril and Iron Combination (Baycox® Iron) in Maintaining Weaning Weight by Preventing Coccidiosis and Anaemia in Neonatal
Piglets, 114 (1), 1932–00. doi: https://10.1007/s00436-015-45254–529
Todoriuk, V. B., Hunchak,V. M., Gutyj, B. V., Gufriy, D. F., Hariv, I. I., Khomyk, R. I., & Vasivhttps, R. O. (2018). Preclinical research
of the experimental preparation “Ferosel T”. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 1, 3−9.
https://doi.org/10.15421/ujvas0101
Tomyn, S., Shylin, S. I., Bykov, D., Ksenofontov, V., Gumienna-Kontecka, E., Bon, V., & Fritsky, I.O. (2017) Indefinitely stable iron
(IV) cage complexes formed in water by air oxidation. Nature Communications, 8, 1–8.
Vasanth, S., Dipu, M.T., Mercy, A.D., & Shyama, K. (2015). Studies on production performance in broiler chicken supplementing
copper and flavomycin in feed. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, 3(3), 269–272.