Influence of cattle breed combinations on milk production: results of the Analysis of Variance
Abstract
A.P. Palii, T.L. Osipenko, P.S. Syromiatnikov, Y.A. Boyko, V.V. Nechyporenko, I.V. Levchenko, V.I. Ostapenko, M.F. Prykhodko, O.V. Korzh, V.V. Popsuy, A.P. Paliy
One of the main factors in increasing the efficiency of milk production is the breed. No breed in the world would be ideal for a variety of conditions and technological processes. Besides, like any biological system, the breed is in continuous change. The breed of cattle largely determines both the level of milk production and the quality of milk. Therefore, to improve the quality of milk, it is necessary to establish the degree of influence of zootechnical and technological factors on the condition of milk components. Among genetic factors, the breed of animals and the breed combination have a significant influence. During the research, a one-way analysis of variance of the breed's influence and breed combinations on productive indicators has been analyzed. The factor "breed" and "breed combination" were used as the analyzed factor, and the protein content in milk and the yield of milk protein was used as the dependent factor. Based on one-way and multi-way ANOVA, the degree of influence of the factors under study was assessed. It has been established that the breed has a significant, both direct and combined with other factors, influence on the protein content in milk and the yield of milk protein. The level of the breed's direct influence on the protein content is 1.0%, on the milk protein yield - 1.7%. The factors "father" and "calving number" have the most substantial combined effect. Their influence levels are 1.8%, 1.4%, respectively, with a high level of reliability (P>0.999). The same factors most influence the milk protein yield as the protein content (the levels of influence are 1.9%, 1.3%, respectively) with a high level of reliability (P>0.999). As a result of analyzing the data on changes in protein content and milk protein yield in cows of different breed combinations, it can be concluded that this factor can describe 4.5% of the variability in protein content and 11.4% of milk protein yield (P>0.999). The degree of joint influence of breed combinations with other studied factors was up to 6.6%.
Keywords: cattle; breed; milk; protein content; milk protein yield; breed combination
References
Amalfitano, N., Stocco, G., Maurmayr, A., Pegolo, S., Cecchinato, A., & Bittante, G. (2020). Quantitative and qualitative detailed milk protein profiles of 6 cattle breeds: Sources of variation and contribution of protein genetic variants. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(12), 11190-11208. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18497
Berry, D. P., McClure, M. C., & Mullen, M. P. (2014). Within- and across-breed imputation of high-density genotypes in dairy and beef cattle from medium and low-density genotypes. Journal Animal Breeding and Genetics, 13, 165-172. doi:10.1111/ jbg.12067
Bujko, J., Candrák, J., Strapák, P., ?itný, J., Hrn?ár, C., & Ková?ik, A. (2019). The Analysis of Reproduction in Population of the Slovak Spotted Dairy Cows. Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun., 67, 1419-1426. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967061419
Dadousis, C., Cipolat-Gotet, C., Bittante, G., & Cecchinato, A. (2018). Inferring genetic parameters on latent variables underlying milk yield and quality, protein composition, curd firmness and cheese-making traits in dairy cattle. Animal, 12(28712368), 224-231. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117001616
Dubin, A. M. (2002). On the question of the effectiveness of the selection of bulls. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 5, 51-53. (In Ukrainian)
Fedak, B. (2001). Breeding of black-spotted dairy breed of western intrabreed type. Offer, 11, 84-85. (In Ukrainian)
Gandini, G., Stella, A., Del Corvo, M., & Jansen, G. B. (2014). Selection with inbreeding control in simulated young bull schemes for local dairy cattle breeds. Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 1790-1798. doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7184
Gavrilenko, M. (2002). Protein-milk content is an important indicator of the milk production of cows. Livestock of Ukraine, 11, 14-16. (In Ukrainian)
Gerasimchuk, L. D., Klimenok, V. I., & Seleznev, V. I. (2003). Milk and protein content of Holsteinized black-and-white cows. Zootechnics, 7, 20-22. (In Ukrainian)
Goryaev, O. I. (2001). An improved method for determining genetic correlations for breeding indices. IT of steppe areas "Askania-Nova" named after MF Ivanov UAAS. Nat. Science. selection-genet. sheep breeding center, 28. (In Ukrainian)
Hinrichs, D., & Meuwissen, T. H. E. (2011). Analyzing the effect of different approaches of penalized relationship in multi-stage selection schemes. Journal Animal Science, 89, 3426-3432. doi:10.2527/jas.2010-3621
Hozé, C., Fritz, S., Phocas, F., Boichard, D., Ducrocq, V., & Croiseau, P. (2014). Efficiency of multi-breed genomic selection for dairy cattle breeds with different sizes of reference population. Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 3918-3929. doi:10.3168/jds.2013- 7761
Kozlova, V. O., & Nazarenko, I. V. (2002). Dairy productivity and reproductive capacity of Holstein cows in the south of Ukraine. Taurian Scientific Bulletin: a collection of scientific papers, 22, 117-120. (In Ukrainian)
Kozyr, V. S., Movchan, T. V., & Kozlovskaya, M. V. (2003). Breeding process in animal husbandry of Dnipropetrovsk region. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 8, 46-49. (In Ukrainian)
Kuziv, M. (2017). External characteristics adults cows of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural Sciences, 19(74), 80-83. https://doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7418
Ladyka, V. I. (1999). Selection aspects of improvement of brown cattle by protein milk yield. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 4, 51-52. (In Ukrainian)
Macedo Mota, L. F., Pegolo, S., Bisutti, V., Bittante, G., & Cecchinato, A. (2020). Genomic Analysis of Milk Protein Fractions in Brown Swiss Cattle. Animals, 10(2), 336. doi:10.3390/ani10020336
Malynovska, O. V., Fedorovych, Y. I., & Kuziv, M. I. (2019). External features of heifers of Ukrainian black-and red-and-white dairy brees and their crossbreeds with jersey. Scientific and Technical Bulletin ?f State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives ?nd Institute of Animal Biology, 20(2), 358-365. https://doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2019-20-2.47
Maurmayr, A., Pegolo, S., Malchiodi, F., Bittante, G., & Cecchinato, A. (2018). Milk protein composition in purebred Holsteins and in first/second-generation crossbred cows from Swedish Red, Montbeliarde and Brown Swiss bulls. Animal, 12(29307328), 2214-2220. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117003640
Mikitas, R. E., & Demchuk, V. V. (2001). Acquisition of a highly productive dairy herd using Holsteins. Taurian Scientific Bulletin: a collection of scientific papers, 18, 92-95. (In Ukrainian)
Osipenko, T. L., Admina, N. G., Palii, ?. P., Chechui, H. F., & Mihalchenko, S. A. (2018). Influence of the level feeding high-productive cows on obtaining biosafety products. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(4), 189-194.
Ovcharenko, V. (2000). Dairy productivity, composition and technological features of milk of cows of different genotypes. Livestock of Ukraine, 3-4, 14-15. (In Ukrainian)
Pabat, V., Goncharenko, I., & Vinnychuk, D. (2000). Evaluation of milk productivity of red steppe cows. Livestock of Ukraine, 1-2, 8-9. (In Ukrainian)
Palii, ?. P., Admina, N. G., Mihalchenko, S. A., Lukyanov, I. M., Denicenko, S. A., Gurskyi, P. V., Paliy, A. P., Kovalchuk, Y. O., Kovalchuk, V. A., Kuznietsov, O. L., Gembaruk, A. S., & Solodchuk, A. V. (2020a). Evaluation of slaughter cattle grades and standards of cull cows. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(1), 162-167. doi:10.15421/2020_26
Palii, ?. P., Handola, Yu. M., Shevchenko, I. O., Stotskyi, A. O., Stotskyi, O. G., Sereda, A. I., Levkin, D. A., Ulko, L. G., Shkromada, O. I., & Paliy, A. P. (2020b). Assessment of cow lactation and milk parameters when applying various milking equipment. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(4), 195-201. doi:10.15421/2020_188
Palii, ?. P., Mihalchenko, S. A., Chechui, H. F., Reshetnichenko, A. P., Rozum, Y. E., Bredykhin, V. V., Bogomolov, O. V., Denicenko, S. A., Mitiashkina, T. Y., Sychov, A. I., Savchenko, V. B., Levkin, D. A., & Paliy, A. P. (2020c). Milking and udder health assessment in industrial farming. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(2), 375-381. doi:10.15421/2020_112
Palii, A. P., & Palii, A. P. (2019). Technical and technological innovations in dairy cattle. Monograph. Kharkiv: Mis'kdruk. ISBN 978-617-619-207-7 (In Ukrainian)
Palii, ?. P., Shkromada, O. I., Todorov, N. I., Grebenik, N. P., Lazorenko, A. B., Bondarenko, I. V., Boyko, Y. A., Brit, O. V., Osipenko, T. L., Halay, O. Yu., & Paliy, A. P. (2020d). Effect of linear traits in dairy cows on herd disposal. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(3), 88-94. doi:10.15421/2020_138
Palii, ?. P., Ulko, Y. S., Bogomolov, O. O., Kis-Korkishchenko, L. V., Kambur, M. D., Zamaziy, A. A., Brit, N. M., Boiko, I. M., Grebnova, I. V., Kovalchuk, Y. O., & Paliy, A. P. (2020f). Species composition of microbiota of cows udder and raw milk quality at mastitis. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(3), 78-85. doi:10.15421/2020_171
Paliy, A. P. (2016). Innovative foundations for the production of high-quality milk. Monograph. Kharkiv: Mis'kdruk. ISBN 978-617-619-188-9 (In Ukrainian)
Pendyuk, A. R., Fedorovych, V. V., & Mazur, N. P. (2019). Phenotype features appearance of dairy productivity of different Ukrainian dairy black-and-white breed cows genotypes. Journal Animal Breeding and Genetics, 58, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.58.05
Pryce, J. E., & Daetwyler, H. D. (2012). Designing dairy cattle breeding schemes under genomic selection: a review of international research. Anim. Prod. Sci., 52, 107-114. doi:10.1071/AN11098
Puppel, K., Bogusz, E., Go????biewski, M., Na????cz-Tarwacka, T., Kuczy??ska, B., Slósarz, J., Budzi??ski, A., Solarczyk, P., Kunowska-Slósarz, M., & Przysucha, T. (2018). Effect of Dairy Cow Crossbreeding on Selected Performance Traits and Quality of Milk in First Generation Crossbreds. Journal Food Science, 83(1), 229-236. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13988
Rodríguez-Bermúdez, R., Miranda, M., Baudracco, J., Fouz, R., Pereira, V., & López-Alonso, M. (2019). Breeding for organic dairy farming: What types of cows are needed? Journal of Dairy Research, 86(1), 3-12. doi:10.1017/S0022029919000141
Saliy, I. I., & Polupan, Yu. P. (2003). Concepts of creation of Ukrainian-red dairy breed in the south of Ukraine. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 1, 38-44. (In Ukrainian)
Seidel, A., Krattenmacher, N., & Thaller, G. (2020). Dealing with complexity of new phenotypes in modern dairy cattle breeding. Animal Frontiers, 10(2), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfaa005
Semjan, S., & Kazimir, L. (1984). Mliekova uzitkovost vysokauziktovych dojnic Slovenskeho strakateho plemena. Mliecne bielkoviny. Pol’nohospodarstvo, 931-941.
Shelyov, A., Kopylov, K., Kramarenko, S., & Kramarenko, O. (2018). Genetic variation determination and interbreed differentiation of two Ukrainian dairy cattle breeds using microsatellite loci of DNA. Agricultural Science and Practice, 5(1), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp5.01.051
Shkurko, T. P. (2005). Milk quality of Holsteinized cows. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 7, 37-39. (In Ukrainian)
Zubets, M. V., & Burkat, V. P. (1997). Using the world's best gene pool. Livestock of Ukraine, 8, 14-15. (In Ukrainian)