Evaluation of Ethiopian key location disease nursery for the novel sources of resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. s. tritici)
Abstract
A.A. Zerihun*, D.K. Habtamariam, G.M. Abebele, T.N. Gure and H.Z. Endale
Wheat is the countries strategic and second staple crop, has been suffered by different diseases. Among, rusts especially yellow (stripe) rust in highlands and stem (black) rust in mid land potential areas to low lands agro ecologies are economically important and the major limiting factors in wheat production. Wheat genotypes have different response to rust diseases at field condition due to climatic conditions, quantity of pathogen inoculum source and time of infection. The objective of the work was to monitor Ethiopian key location disease nursery for searching against stem rust aimed and targeted environment to wheat stem rust resistance. One thousand four genotypes sources of 157 local cross, 663 CIMMYT introductions, 173 ICARDA materials and 11 commercial cultivars were evaluated for the resistance to stem rust by P-Rep design at Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center of Ethiopian institute of agricultural research, nationally stem rust prone, hot to warm humid areas. Of tested genotypes 1.5%, 1.3%, 2%, 8.2%, 10.6%, 3.3% and 73.1% exhibited immune, resistant to moderately resistant (RMR), moderately resistant (MR), intermediate reaction (MRMS), moderately susceptible (MS), moderately susceptible to susceptible (MSS) and susceptible (S) disease reaction and none of the tested genotypes showed resistant (R) response to stem rust respectively. Thus, genotypes exhibiting with compatible RMR, MR and MRMS disease reactions, are identified as good sources of resistance to stem rust with prodigious significance to achieve current breeding for long-lasting resistance.