Ecologization of winter wheat growing technology according to optimization of sowing depth
Abstract
V.V. Lykhochvor, Y.M. Olifir*, M.L. Tyrus, R.M. Panasiuk and V.Y. Ivaniuk
We found that the highest indicators of field germination (90%) of winter wheat were obtained when sowing at 2 cm and 3 cm. At the same depth of seed, sowing was created to intensify the tillering process. The tillering rate increased to 2.4 and 2.5. The density of the productive stems of winter wheat was also the highest for sowing by 2 cm and 3 cm, where it was, respectively, 634 pcs/m2 and 652 pcs/m2. The weight of the ear grain was lower (1.32-1.34 g) to sow at a depth of 2 to 4 cm, which is explained by the better conditions to create a higher density of ears in these variants. In variants with a higher or lower sowing depth, the conditions for tilling became the complicated and more yield depended on the weight of the grain from the ear. For the formation of the highest yield, the following combination of the main elements of the the density structure of productive stems and grain weight of the ear is optimal: 634 ears × 1.34 g and 652 ears × 1.32 g per m2. The best conditions for realizing the genetic potential of the winter wheat productivity of the Reform variety and the yields of 8.22 t/ha and 8.30 t/ha are formed when sowing at a depth of 2 cm and 3 cm. Yields decreased with shallow and deep seed sowing. The variant with a sowing of 7 cm was the smallest and amounted to 7.30 t/ha.