Breeding value and productivity in sows of the Large White breed

Abstract

V. Khalak, B. Gutyj, O. Stadnytska, I. Shuvar, V. Balkovskyi, H. Korpita, A. Shuvar, O. Bordun

 

The article presents the results of research on the indicators of own productivity of replacement pigs and reproductive qualities of sows of different breeding value and determines the economic efficiency of research results. The study was conducted in agricultural formations of Dnipropetrovsk and Sumy regions, the livestock laboratory of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, and the livestock and feed production laboratory of the Institute of Agriculture North-East of NAAS. The evaluation of replacement pigs on indicators of own productivity and sows on signs of reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following parameters: age of achievement of live weight of 100 kg, days; fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm; the thickness of the fat at the midpoint of the back between the withers and buttocks, mm; thickness of lard on the sacrum, mm; torso length, cm; fertility, goal; nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg, safety, %. The BLUP index (maternal line) was calculated according to the general model of a single animal (P.A. Vashchenko, 2019), the reproductive quality index (RQI) – according to the method of I.P. Sheiko and others. (2006), the index of alignment (homogeneity) of the sow's nest by live weight of piglets at the time of their birth (IVG0) – according to the method of V.I. Khalak (2012), biometric processing of research results - according to the methods of G.F. Lakin (1990). It is established that replacement pigs of the Large White breed based on their productivity (age of reaching live weight 100 kg, days, fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm) belong to the elite class. The number of sows, which by fertility, milk yield, and nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 60 days (estimated) belong to the elite class is 71.73, 41.30, and 37.68%, respectively. A significant difference between replacement pigs of different breeding value (M+, M-) was established by the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg (12 days, td = 4.58, P<0.001), the thickness of the fat at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae (2.4 mm, td = 6.67, P<0.001), the thickness of the fat at the midpoint of the back between the withers and buttocks (1.1 mm, td = 3.14, P<0.01), the thickness of the fat on the buttocks (2.1 mm, td = 6.77, P<0.001) and body length - 1.9 cm (td = 4.14, P<0.001). Sows of group I (BLUP index is 109.78-128.75 points) outperformed peers of group III (BLUP index is 53.61-89.91 points) in the fertility by 27.13% (td = 10.60, P<0.001 ), milk yield - 27.86% (td = 10.86, P<0.001), the number of piglets at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days - 27.27% (td = 12.00, P<0.001), nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days - 21.37% (td = 10.57, P<0.001) and the index of reproductive qualities (RQI) - 24.52% (td = 11.50, P<0.001). According to the IVG0 index, the difference between the groups M− and M+ is 28.15% (td = 9.82, P<0.001), which indicates greater homogeneity of sows of class M−. According to the BLUP index for pigs of the Large White breed of the controlled herd, the criterion for selecting highly productive animals is the indicators 109.78-128.75, according to the index of reproductive qualities (RQI) - 101.43-161.72 points. The pairwise correlation coefficient between the absolute indicators of reproductive qualities of sows, the BLUP index (maternal line), the index "alignment (homogeneity) of the sow's nest by live weight of piglets at birth," and the index of reproductive qualities ranges from +0.648 to +0.984. M+ class sows provide additional products at the level of +13.08%, and its cost is +332.08 UAH/head.

Keywords: replacement pig, own productivity, sow, reproductive qualities, breeding value, index, variability, correlation, economic efficiency
 

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